Perhaps your are looking into going into one of these fields, or just plain out don't know what each does. The biggest thing is, you aren't alone. People tend to lump them all together, so today I clear the air once and for all with the differences in each.
Marketing
Lets clear the big one first. The best way I have found to define this is:
"Marketing is the process of getting potential clients or customers interested in your products and services. The keyword in this definition is "process"; marketing involves researching, promoting, selling, and distributing your products or services."
So with that, this definition encompasses the whole process of research, development, selling, and shipping the product. This has the widest definition and even seems like it includes advertising. Well it does, to a part, but advertising has become such a valuable part in the marketing process that it has branched into a discipline of its own. But marketing isn't just advertisements, it's so much more, there is:
Market Research
Brand Management
Digital Brand Manager
Product Management
Content Marketing
Content Writer
SEO Management
Marketing Analyst
Social Media Manager
Digital Content Specialist
Direct Marketing
Mail Marketing Specialist
E-Mail Marketing Specialist
eCommerce Marketing
Data Analysist
So on and so fourth with different degrees to the job.
The Biggest Difference is going to be (the job obviously and) how they interact with the consumer. Marketing is the planning of the product, how it should look, how to define the
product and deciding things such as the 5 P's (product, place, price, promotion, production). These things will be decided based on how they want the consumer to see the product (it's affordable or it's high price but luxurious). Marketing is shaping the product to a type of message, then advertising acts as a megaphone to the message. There whole goal is to inform the audience of something, whether it's a new product or that the company is good (building brand image). So we basically covered it but lets still cover:
Advertising
Like we mentioned above, Advertising's main focus is to inform the audience. Through pre-planning and collaboration with the other parts of the company, Advertising sees the message they want to put out and begins to plan a way to shape possible advertisements around that message.
An easy example would be a car company that wants consumers to see them as more green. The Marketers figure out how to package the new cars to seem more green, and the advertisers now have the job of informing others about this.
They might make ads touting how well the car's emissions are, or perhaps a feel goof commercial that buts the company in a better light showing their commitment to going green. The most important aspect of this is that Advertisers are sticking to a clear message and that their other ads they put out follow the same message.
Some jobs as an Advertiser could be:
Media Planner
Copywriter
Marketing promotions specialist
Media Buyer
Promotions Director
Promotions Management
Graphic Designer
Advertising director
It's important to note that Advertising can be in-house, meaning that the company has their own advertising department, or it can be done out of house through Advertising firms.
Public Relations
Public Relations is the most different from the two. While Marketing and Advertisements are more behind the scenes, Public relations are a lot more direct.
From Investopedia "Public relations (PR) refers to managing how others see and feel about a person, brand, or company." Public Relations is supposed to come off more organic, an advertisement to consumers can feel like they are speaking to you while PR is suppose to feel like the consumer is interacting with the brand. This can be done in many ways, such as the newer trend on interacting with brands on social media. But that's not the only thing they can do.
Jobs PR can do:
Publicist
Managing Social Media
working with News outlets to promote stories
Hosting/Sponsoring events
Press releases
Speech Writing
Crisis public relations strategies
Responding to negative opinions online.
There are a host of things a PR specialist can do. The hands on interaction with consumers is vital in this day in age for fostering "good will" or essentially showing the public your
company is good. It is important to engage with with people who were dissatisfied with your brand as to salvage the relationship. You can possibly take a disgruntled customer who might never shop with you again, and turn them into someone who feels respected by the company and gain their devotion.
Public Relations requires a different set of tools to do the job and typically people tend to take a Communications route in college to be better suited.
A Different way of explaining it- Earned, Paid, Shared, Owned Media
For the more unknowing, I feel these are good break downs to the three different jobs, but to make it more technical, you can break down the type of media you put out into the different categories.
If you want to learn more, SpinSucks has a great article on it that describes it better. I will be making a post on the subject later, but for now we will keep it simple!
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